
Reasoning LLM with PhD-level accuracy on science, math, and coding benchmarks.
By Tanmay Verma, Founder · Last verified 03 Jul 2026
In short
OpenAI o — Reasoning LLM with PhD-level accuracy on science, math, and coding benchmarks. Best for Competitive programmers solving complex logic problems, Researchers needing high-accuracy scientific reasoning (GPQA-diamond), Math enthusiasts tackling Olympiad-level problems (AIME). Paid pricing.
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o1 broke ground on reasoning but is now superseded by GPT-5.5 Thinking/Pro in ChatGPT. Still useful via API if you need verifiable step-by-step reasoning and can tolerate slower responses. Most buyers should use GPT-5.5 variants instead unless they require the original o1's specific chain-of-thought behavior.
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Last verified: July 2026
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Last calculated: July 2026
How we score →OpenAI o1 is a large language model trained with reinforcement learning to perform complex reasoning via a long internal chain of thought before answering. Released September 2024 as o1‑preview, it scores in the 89th percentile on Codeforces competitive programming, 93% on the 2024 AIME math exam (top 500 US students), and exceeds PhD-level accuracy on GPQA-diamond (physics, chemistry, biology). Designed for professionals who need precise, verifiable reasoning rather than fast conversational answers, o1 is available in ChatGPT Plus and Pro tiers and via API. Its hidden reasoning chain improves safety while delivering deliberate, accurate outputs. Performance scales with both train-time and test-time compute—more RL training and more thinking time both boost results. Note: As of mid-2026, o1 has been superseded by GPT-5.5 Thinking and GPT-5.5 Pro, but remains a benchmark for reasoning. In ChatGPT, o1 is no longer explicitly listed in current plans; users get o1-level reasoning via GPT-5.5 Thinking or GPT-5.5 Pro. However, the original o1 model can still be accessed via API for specialized use cases.
OpenAI o1 was a landmark in reasoning—reinforcement learning taught it to think before speaking, achieving PhD-level accuracy on hard science benchmarks. In practice, it made math, coding, and logic problems solvable by AI with unprecedented precision. But it was never a general-purpose chatbot: it's slow, verbose in thought, and the hidden reasoning chain can frustrate users who want transparency. Today (mid-2026), o1 has been eclipsed by GPT-5.5 Thinking and GPT-5.5 Pro, which incorporate o1's reasoning advances into faster, more capable models. OpenAI's current ChatGPT plans no longer mention o1; instead, Plus users get GPT-5.5 Thinking and Pro users get GPT-5.5 Pro. The original o1 API remains available for developers who need the specific chain-of-thought behavior or who have fine-tuned on o1 outputs. Where o1 still shines is as a reference for reproducible reasoning: its performance on AIME (93% with 1000 samples) and GPQA-diamond remains impressive, and some researchers prefer its output style for auditing. However, for most buyers, choosing GPT-5.5 Thinking or Pro is simpler—they offer comparable or better reasoning plus lower latency, vision, and agent mode. The main caveat: o1's $200/mo Pro tier from 2024 is gone; now you pay for GPT-5.5 Pro at the same price. If you need the exact o1 model for reproducibility or compatibility, the API is your path. Otherwise, skip o1 and go with the newer models.
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